Phosphate homeostasis and hypophosphatemia.

The clinical importance of an understanding of phosphate metabolism is derived from the crucial role of this anion in the regulation of many cellular functions. In recent years, a greater appreciation of disorders of phosphate metabolism has been recognized because of more frequent monitoring of serum phosphate concentration as well as the increased utilization of therapeutic interventions that profoundly affect overall phosphate balance. The present review focuses on the factors tha regulate phosphate homeostasis, explores the pathophysiology and manifestations of the phosphate depletion syndrome and provides a framework for the diagnosis and rational treatment of patients with abnormalities in phosphate metabolism.