Baltch A L, Pressman H L, Hammer M C, Sutphen N C, Smith R P, Shayegani M
Am J Med Sci. 1982 May-Jun;283(3):129-40. doi: 10.1097/00000441-198205000-00003.
This study describes the type, rate and magnitude of bacteremia in 128 patients undergoing dental extractions with and without penicillin prophylaxis. The most prolonged and highest rates of bacteremia occurred in patients undergoing extractions and alveoplasty while under general anesthesia following nasotracheal intubation. The most common aerobes in patients receiving no penicillin were streptococci. Bacteroides sp. were detected most often in patients receiving penicillin prophylaxis. The overall bacteremia, streptococcal and polymicrobial bacteremia rates were lowest for the patients receiving penicillin. Only two of 66 patients given penicillin prophylaxis had recoverable streptococci in blood cultures. Our study indicates that both intravenous and oral penicillin G prophylaxis for dental extractions decreased bacteremia rates significantly, including the recovery of streptococci.
本研究描述了128例接受或未接受青霉素预防治疗的拔牙患者的菌血症类型、发生率及严重程度。菌血症持续时间最长、发生率最高的情况出现在接受鼻气管插管全身麻醉下进行拔牙及牙槽成形术的患者中。未接受青霉素治疗的患者中最常见的需氧菌是链球菌。在接受青霉素预防治疗的患者中最常检测到拟杆菌属。接受青霉素治疗的患者总体菌血症、链球菌菌血症及多菌种菌血症发生率最低。在66例接受青霉素预防治疗的患者中，只有2例血培养中可检测到可培养的链球菌。我们的研究表明，拔牙时静脉注射及口服青霉素G预防治疗均能显著降低菌血症发生率，包括链球菌的检出率。
