Williams Smith H, Tucker J F
J Hyg (Lond). 1980 Jun;84(3):479-88. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400027017.
Inoculated orally, 16 Salmonella typhimurium strains belonging to 12 phage types varied greatly in their ability to kill 1-day-old chickens; variation was noted even between strains of the same phage type. Fourteen strains belonging to 11 food poisoning serotypes other than S. typhimurium were practically non-lethal when examined in this manner. All of them were lethal by the intramuscular route but some were more so than others. Two were more lethal by this route than one of the S. typhimurium strains that was highly lethal when given orally. With age, chickens rapidly became resistant to fatal infection with the food poisoning strains; given orally, a S. typhimurium strain killed 79% of 1-day-old chickens but only 3% of 2-day-old chickens. Of 2 specific poultry pathogenic strains, one, of S. gallinarum, was lethal by oral inoculation to chickens of all ages but the other, of S. pullorum, was only lethal to very young ones. Some salmonella strains, such as those of S. infantis and S. menston, were more efficient at infecting and colonizing the alimentary tract of chickens than were the more virulent S. typhimurium strains, the S. gallinarum and S. pullorum strains and a S. cholerae-suis strain.
经口服接种后，属于12种噬菌体类型的16株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在杀死1日龄雏鸡的能力上差异很大；即使在同一噬菌体类型的菌株之间也存在差异。在以这种方式检测时，属于除鼠伤寒沙门氏菌之外的11种食物中毒血清型的14株菌株实际上没有致死性。通过肌肉注射途径，它们全部具有致死性，但有些比其他的致死性更强。其中两株通过这种途径的致死性比口服时具有高致死性的一株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株还要强。随着年龄增长，雏鸡对食物中毒菌株的致命感染迅速产生抗性；经口服接种，一株鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株可杀死79%的1日龄雏鸡，但只能杀死3%的2日龄雏鸡。在两种特定的家禽致病菌株中，一种是鸡白痢沙门氏菌，经口服接种对所有年龄段的雏鸡都具有致死性，而另一种是鸡伤寒沙门氏菌，仅对非常年幼的雏鸡具有致死性。一些沙门氏菌菌株，如婴儿沙门氏菌和门斯顿沙门氏菌菌株，在感染和定殖于雏鸡消化道方面比毒力更强的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌菌株、鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡伤寒沙门氏菌菌株以及一株猪霍乱沙门氏菌菌株更有效。
