Spotnitz H M
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1982 Jan;83(1):43-51.
Two-dimensional ultrasound was employed for qualitative and quantitative studies during cardiac operations in 74 patients. A gas-sterilized phased-array transducer applied directly to the anterior surface of the heart produced high-quality images without a water path or other special manipulations. The techniques employed were successful in demonstrating alterations in cardiac anatomy associated with valve disease and cardiac tumors. Continuous clouds of microbubbles ejected from the left ventricle immediately following cardiopulmonary bypass were detected in 42% of 45 patients studied. Measurement of short-axis area change during systole proved useful for evaluation of intraoperative changes in left ventricular function. In the perioperative period, with the chest closed, the method detected increasing left ventricular mass during transplant rejection and was useful for monitoring changes in left ventricular performance when image quality was sufficient. The capabilities and limitations of this technique for special studies during cardiac operations should be familiar to surgeons with access to the method.
对74例患者在心脏手术期间采用二维超声进行定性和定量研究。将气体消毒的相控阵换能器直接应用于心脏前表面，无需水路径或其他特殊操作即可产生高质量图像。所采用的技术成功地显示了与瓣膜疾病和心脏肿瘤相关的心脏解剖结构改变。在45例接受研究的患者中，42%在体外循环后立即检测到从左心室喷出的连续微气泡云。测量收缩期短轴面积变化被证明有助于评估术中左心室功能的变化。在围手术期，胸部闭合时，该方法检测到移植排斥反应期间左心室质量增加，并且在图像质量足够时可用于监测左心室性能的变化。掌握该方法的外科医生应熟悉这种技术在心脏手术特殊研究中的能力和局限性。
