Austin J L, Preis L K, Crampton R S, Beller G A, Martin R P
Am J Cardiol. 1982 Feb 1;49(2):301-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(82)90505-7.
The medical records of 100 patients who received 113 temporary transvenous pacemakers were reviewed to determine the incidence of complications and malfunction. Malfunction, defined as failure to capture or sense, or both, occurred in 42 (37 percent) of 113 temporary pacemakers. The initial malfunction occurred within 24 hours in 21 (50 percent) and within 48 hours in 36 (86 percent) of the 42 pacemakers. Although the incidence of malfunction was not significantly different for brachial and femoral venous pacing catheters, 7 (37 percent) of 19 brachial venous pacemakers required repositioning or replacement compared with 8 (9 percent) of 91 femoral venous catheters (p = 0.005). Thirty-seven complications occurred in 23 (20 percent) of 113 episodes of pacing; ventricular tachycardia during catheter insertion, fever and phlebitis were the most common complications. No complication resulted in death. The incidence of complications and perforation was greater for brachial than for femoral venous pacemakers (p less than 0.05). Sepsis, local infection and pulmonary embolus occurred only with femoral venous pacemakers. Sepsis, phlebitis and pulmonary embolus were more common with temporary pacemakers in place for 7 hours or longer (p = 0.04). Recognition to the problems peculiar to each pacing catheter site and shortening the duration of pacing should help minimize problems with temporary pacing.
回顾了100例接受113次临时经静脉起搏器治疗患者的病历，以确定并发症和故障的发生率。113个临时起搏器中有42个（37%）出现故障，故障定义为不能夺获或感知，或两者兼有。42个发生故障的起搏器中，21个（50%）在24小时内首次出现故障，36个（86%）在48小时内出现故障。虽然臂静脉和股静脉起搏导管的故障发生率无显著差异，但19个臂静脉起搏器中有7个（37%）需要重新定位或更换，而91个股静脉导管中有8个（9%）需要重新定位或更换（p = 0.005）。113次起搏中有23次（20%）发生了37例并发症；导管插入期间的室性心动过速、发热和静脉炎是最常见的并发症。没有并发症导致死亡。臂静脉起搏器的并发症和穿孔发生率高于股静脉起搏器（p < 0.05）。脓毒症、局部感染和肺栓塞仅发生于股静脉起搏器。临时起搏器放置7小时或更长时间时，脓毒症、静脉炎和肺栓塞更常见（p = 0.04）。认识到每个起搏导管部位特有的问题并缩短起搏持续时间，应有助于将临时起搏的问题降至最低。
