Fassauer H, Schottke C
Z Alternsforsch. 1978;33(1):49-59.
Morphological-functional changes occur in the oral cavity also in depended from the age. The morphological changes of the enamel, dentin, dental pulp, periodont, oral mucosa, salivary glands, tongue, maxillary bone and temporo-mandibular-joint change not only the functional cooperation of all parts in the orofacial system. They show effects for the whole body also. A complete gerostomatological standard does not exist for the whole gnathological system. But single indices for some partial components are known. For the judgement of the caries involvement it is possible to use the DMF-index, for which a special gerostomatological type exist. The periodontal diseases are classified adequately to the ARPA-nomenclature. For the judgement of odontolithiasis and oral hygienic conditions you can use the so called odontolith-Index (CI), the OH (oral hygienic debris) and the so called calculus-index (OHI-S). It is refered to different possibilities for classification of dentition with gaps.
口腔中的形态功能变化也会随年龄而发生。牙釉质、牙本质、牙髓、牙周组织、口腔黏膜、唾液腺、舌头、上颌骨和颞下颌关节的形态变化不仅会改变口腔颌面系统各部分之间的功能协作，还会对全身产生影响。目前尚无针对整个口腔颌面系统的完整老年口腔医学标准，但已知一些部分组件的单项指标。对于龋齿累及情况的判断，可以使用DMF指数，为此存在一种特殊的老年口腔医学类型。牙周疾病已根据ARPA命名法进行了充分分类。对于牙结石病和口腔卫生状况的判断，可以使用所谓的牙结石指数（CI）、OH（口腔卫生残渣）和所谓的牙石指数（OHI-S）。文中还提到了牙列有间隙时的不同分类可能性。
