Dwyer J T, Dietz W H, Andrews E M, Suskind R M
Am J Clin Nutr. 1982 Feb;35(2):204-16. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/35.2.204.
Thirty-nine preschool children consuming different types of vegetarian diets were studied. Type and amount of carbohydrate, fat, protein, and amount of sodium and cholesterol provided by their diets were more like intakes suggested in the proposed Dietary Goals for the United States than to levels in usual diets of nonvegetarian children. Macrobiotic vegetarian children consumed less animal food than did other vegetarian children. The mean intake of vitamin D of macrobiotics was an eighth of the Recommended Dietary Allowance and mean serum alkaline phosphatase values were elevated. The mean intake of vitamin B12 levels were normal. Vegan macrobiotic children had the lowest intakes of vitamins B12 and D. Other vegetarians' mean intakes of these vitamins met the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Mean iron intakes of the vegetarians approximated the Recommended Dietary Allowance. Hematological indices were suggestive of mild iron deficiency anemia in a quarter of subjects. Serum cholesterol values were low for the group. Physical measurements were within normal limits and macrobiotic vegetarians were not smaller or leaner than other vegetarian children. The nutritional difficulties discovered could be corrected by careful planning of vegetarian children's diets while preserving the beneficial qualities of the diet in other respects.
对39名食用不同类型素食的学龄前儿童进行了研究。他们饮食中碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质的类型和含量，以及钠和胆固醇的含量，比起非素食儿童的日常饮食水平，更接近美国拟议的饮食目标中建议的摄入量。长寿素食儿童食用的动物性食物比其他素食儿童少。长寿素食者维生素D的平均摄入量为推荐膳食摄入量的八分之一，血清碱性磷酸酶的平均水平升高。维生素B12的平均摄入量正常。纯素长寿素食儿童维生素B12和D的摄入量最低。其他素食者这些维生素的平均摄入量达到了推荐膳食摄入量。素食者的铁平均摄入量接近推荐膳食摄入量。血液学指标表明，四分之一的受试者存在轻度缺铁性贫血。该组的血清胆固醇值较低。身体测量结果在正常范围内，长寿素食者并不比其他素食儿童更小或更瘦。通过精心规划素食儿童的饮食，同时在其他方面保留饮食的有益特性，可以纠正发现的营养问题。
