Leff R D, Roberts R J
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1982 Mar;39(3):468-71.
The effects of i.v. fluid rates and i.v. drug delivery rates on osmolality, specific gravity, and pH of the resulting infusate were examined. Selected drug solutions of various osmolalities and 5% dextrose and 0.2% sodium chloride injection or Ringer's injection, lactated, were administered simultaneously using a drug delivery system capable of controlling the flow rates independently. The i.v. fluid and drug infusion rates were varied from 4 to 46 and from 2 to 31 ml/hr, respectively. Osmolality, pH, and specific gravity of the drug solutions and final infusate were measured. Using alligation, the osmolality, pH, and specific gravity of the final infusate were calculated; correlations between observed and calculated values were computed. Guidelines for achieving an osmolality of the final infusate less than 500 mOsm/kg water were calculated. The observed and calculated osmolality and specific gravity of the final infusate were significantly correlated (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001, and r = 0.99, p less than 0.01, respectively). The pH of the final infusate was dependent on the pH of the original drug solution and was not affected by i.v. fluid and drug delivery flow rates. Osmolality may be an important factor to consider when establishing ideal drug solution infusion rates or concentrations. The infusate osmolality can be controlled by adjusting the concentration of the drug solution, drug infusion rate, or the i.v. fluid flow rate.
研究了静脉输液速率和静脉给药速率对所得输注液渗透压、比重和pH值的影响。使用能够独立控制流速的给药系统，同时给予各种渗透压的选定药物溶液以及5%葡萄糖和0.2%氯化钠注射液或乳酸林格注射液。静脉输液速率和药物输注速率分别在4至46 ml/小时和2至31 ml/小时之间变化。测量了药物溶液和最终输注液的渗透压、pH值和比重。使用交叉配血法计算最终输注液的渗透压、pH值和比重；计算观察值与计算值之间的相关性。计算了使最终输注液渗透压低于500 mOsm/kg水的指导原则。最终输注液的观察渗透压和计算渗透压以及比重显著相关（分别为r = 0.91，p < 0.001和r = 0.99，p < 0.01）。最终输注液的pH值取决于原始药物溶液的pH值，不受静脉输液和药物给药流速的影响。在确定理想的药物溶液输注速率或浓度时，渗透压可能是一个需要考虑的重要因素。可以通过调整药物溶液的浓度、药物输注速率或静脉输液流速来控制输注液的渗透压。
