Van Itallie T B
Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Oct;31(10 Suppl):S43-52. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/31.10.S43.
It has been suggested that sufficient fiber in the diet will tend to prevent excessive food intake and depot fat accumulation by decreasing the caloric density of the diet, stowing rate of food ingestion, increasing the effort involved in eating, promoting intestinal satiety, and interfering slightly with efficiency of energy absorption. The increase in the prevalence of obesity in Western countries since 1900 has taken place concurrently with marked changes in the nature of the diet. Per capita intake of dietary fiber associated with starchy foods has greatly decreased, but intake of fiber associated with fruits and green vegetables has increased. Thus, although the type of fiber in the diet has changed, the total quantity may not have diminished considerably. Studies of the effect of caloric dilution with cellulose and other metabolically inert bulking agents have disclosed little or no inhibitory effect on the spontaneous energy intake of nonobese laboratory animals and human subjects. Nevertheless, there is evidence that obese rats and humans may defend their excess weight against nutritive dilution with less tenacity than their nonobese counterparts. The hypothesis that dietary fiber can protect against obesity therefore deserves further testing since an increase in the fiber content of the diet may tend to prevent overeating and excessive weight gain even if it does not reduce spontaneous energy intake in nonobese organisms.
有人认为，饮食中充足的纤维往往会通过降低饮食的热量密度、减缓食物摄入速度、增加进食难度、促进肠道饱腹感以及轻微干扰能量吸收效率来防止过度进食和脂肪堆积。自1900年以来，西方国家肥胖症患病率的上升与饮食性质的显著变化同时发生。与淀粉类食物相关的膳食纤维人均摄入量大幅下降，但与水果和绿色蔬菜相关的纤维摄入量有所增加。因此，尽管饮食中纤维的类型发生了变化，但总量可能并未大幅减少。用纤维素和其他代谢惰性填充剂进行热量稀释的效果研究表明，对非肥胖实验动物和人类受试者的自发能量摄入几乎没有抑制作用。然而，有证据表明，肥胖大鼠和人类可能比非肥胖者更难抵御营养稀释对其超重体重的影响。因此，膳食纤维可以预防肥胖的假说值得进一步验证，因为即使增加饮食中的纤维含量不会降低非肥胖生物体的自发能量摄入，也可能有助于防止暴饮暴食和体重过度增加。
