Howarth Nancy C, Huang Terry T-K, Roberts Susan B, McCrory Megan A
University of Hawaii Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2005 Sep;105(9):1365-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2005.06.001.
To examine relative associations of dietary composition variables with body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m2) among young and middle-aged US adults. We hypothesized that in subjects with physiologically plausible reported energy intakes, fiber intake would be inversely associated with BMI, independent of other dietary composition and sociodemographic variables.
Data from adults age 20 to 59 years in the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) 1994-1996 were used. Exclusions were pregnancy or lactation, food insecurity, missing weight or height data, or having only one dietary recall. Based on our previously published methods, a physiologically plausible reported energy intake was calculated as being within +/-22% of predicted energy requirements for the mean of two 24-hour recalls.
Reporting plausibility ([reported energy intake/predicted energy requirements]x100) averaged 83% in the total sample (N=4,539) and increased to 96% in the plausible sample (n=1,932). Only approximately 5% of the plausible sample consumed the Adequate Intake for fiber. In plausibly reporting women, fiber, its interaction with percentage energy from fat, and energy density were independently associated with BMI. Only percentage energy from fat was associated with BMI in men reporting plausibly. Compared with the total sample, stronger relationships between diet and BMI were observed among the plausible reporters. In women, a low-fiber (< 1.5 g/MJ), high-fat (> or = 35% energy) diet was associated with the greatest increase in risk of overweight or obesity compared with a high-fiber, low-fat diet.
Weight control advice for US women should place greater emphasis on consumption of fiber.
研究美国中青年成年人饮食成分变量与体重指数（BMI；计算方法为千克/平方米）之间的相对关联。我们假设，在报告的能量摄入量具有生理合理性的受试者中，纤维摄入量与BMI呈负相关，且独立于其他饮食成分和社会人口统计学变量。
使用了1994 - 1996年个人食物摄入量持续调查（CSFII）中20至59岁成年人的数据。排除标准包括怀孕或哺乳期、食物不安全、体重或身高数据缺失，或仅有一次饮食回忆记录。根据我们之前发表的方法，将具有生理合理性的报告能量摄入量计算为在两次24小时回忆记录均值的预测能量需求的±22%范围内。
在总样本（N = 4539）中，报告合理性（[报告能量摄入量/预测能量需求]×100）平均为83%，在合理样本（n = 1932）中升至96%。合理样本中只有约5%的人摄入了足够的纤维。在报告合理的女性中，纤维、其与脂肪能量百分比的相互作用以及能量密度与BMI独立相关。在报告合理的男性中，只有脂肪能量百分比与BMI相关。与总样本相比，在报告合理的人群中观察到饮食与BMI之间的关系更强。在女性中，与高纤维、低脂肪饮食相比，低纤维（<1.5克/兆焦）、高脂肪（≥35%能量）饮食与超重或肥胖风险的增加最大相关。
针对美国女性的体重控制建议应更加强调纤维的摄入。
