Kuiper N A, Derry P A
J Pers. 1982 Mar;50(1):67-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1982.tb00746.x.
The present research investigated the extent to which mild depressives and normals differed in their self-referent processing of personal information. In Experiment 1, these subjects made two types of ratings on depressed (e.g., bleak, dismal) and nondepressed (e.g., loyal, organized) content personal adjectives. Half of the adjectives in each content category were rated for a semantic attribute (Does this word have a specific meaning or relate to a specific situation?), whereas half were rated for degree of self-reference (Does this word describe you?). These ratings were followed immediately by an incidental recall task, in which subjects recalled as many of the adjectives as possible. Consistent with predictions generated from a content-specific self-schema model, normals displayed superior recall for self-referenced nondepressed content adjectives, when compared to recall for self-referenced depressed content adjectives and recall for semantic ratings (both depressed and nondepressed content). In contrast, mild depressives exhibited enhanced self-referent recall for both types of content, when compared to their recall for semantic adjectives. This finding suggested that mild depressives utilize a self-schema which incorporates both depressed and nondepressed content. Experiment 2 explored this suggestion further by substituting an other-referent rating task (Does this word describe Pierre Trudeau?) for the semantic judgment used in Experiment 1. Again, consistent with a content-specific self-schema model, normals displayed superior recall only for self-referenced nondepressed adjectives. Mild depressives, however, showed enhanced self-referent recall, relative to other-referent recall, only for depressed content adjectives. For nondepressed content, mild depressives did not distinguish between the self- and other-referent conditions. This finding hinted that the nondepressed component of the mild depressive's self-schema may operate at a somewhat reduced effectiveness, but only when required to differentiate between self and others.
本研究调查了轻度抑郁症患者和正常人在对个人信息进行自我参照加工方面的差异程度。在实验1中，这些受试者对抑郁相关（如黯淡、阴沉）和非抑郁相关（如忠诚、有条理）的个人形容词进行两种类型的评分。每个内容类别中的一半形容词被评定语义属性（这个词有特定含义或与特定情境相关吗？），而另一半则被评定自我参照程度（这个词描述你吗？）。这些评分之后紧接着是一个附带回忆任务，受试者要尽可能多地回忆出这些形容词。与从特定内容自我图式模型得出的预测一致，与自我参照的抑郁相关内容形容词的回忆以及语义评定（抑郁和非抑郁相关内容）的回忆相比，正常人对自我参照的非抑郁相关内容形容词表现出更好的回忆。相比之下，与语义形容词的回忆相比，轻度抑郁症患者对两种类型内容的自我参照回忆都有所增强。这一发现表明，轻度抑郁症患者使用的自我图式包含了抑郁和非抑郁相关的内容。实验2通过用他人参照评定任务（这个词描述皮埃尔·特鲁多吗？）替代实验1中使用的语义判断，进一步探究了这一观点。同样，与特定内容自我图式模型一致，正常人仅对自我参照的非抑郁形容词表现出更好的回忆。然而，轻度抑郁症患者仅对抑郁相关内容形容词表现出相对于他人参照回忆增强的自我参照回忆。对于非抑郁相关内容，轻度抑郁症患者在自我参照和他人参照条件之间没有区分。这一发现暗示，轻度抑郁症患者自我图式中的非抑郁成分可能在某种程度上有效性降低，但仅在需要区分自我和他人时如此。
