Bargh J A, Tota M E
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York 10003.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun;54(6):925-39. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.6.925.
The existence of automatic negative self-referential thought in depression was examined by using the concurrent memory load paradigm. Depressed and nondepressed subjects judged each of a series of depressed- and nondepressed-content adjectives as to its descriptiveness of the self or of the average other person. While making each judgment, some subjects held six digits in working memory, whereas the remaining subjects had no concurrent memory load. We found that the memory load manipulation resulted in a reliably smaller increase in depressed subjects' self-referential judgment latencies for depressed content than for nondepressed content, with the reverse being true of nondepressed subjects. For all subjects, however, the load effect on other-referential judgment latencies was smaller for nondepressed-content adjectives than for depressed-content adjectives. The results suggest an automatic, unintentional component in the depressed person's use of negative social constructs in self-perception but not in other-perception, indicating a context-dependent form of automatic processing.
通过使用并发记忆负荷范式，研究了抑郁症患者中自动消极自我参照思维的存在情况。抑郁组和非抑郁组受试者判断一系列具有抑郁内容和非抑郁内容的形容词对自己或一般他人的描述性。在进行每项判断时，一些受试者在工作记忆中记住六个数字，而其余受试者没有并发记忆负荷。我们发现，记忆负荷操作导致抑郁组受试者对抑郁内容的自我参照判断潜伏期的增加幅度明显小于对非抑郁内容的增加幅度，非抑郁组受试者则相反。然而，对于所有受试者来说，非抑郁内容形容词的负荷对他人参照判断潜伏期的影响小于抑郁内容形容词。结果表明，抑郁症患者在自我认知而非他人认知中使用消极社会建构时存在自动、无意的成分，这表明存在一种依赖于情境的自动加工形式。
