Kwiatkowski S J, Parkinson S R
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104.
Mem Cognit. 1994 Mar;22(2):225-33. doi: 10.3758/bf03208893.
The results of two experiments examining the effects of depressed mood on recall of target words and recall of descriptor words are reported. Descriptors were either negatively valenced or neutral and were not related semantically to target adjectives. There was no overall difference in the recall of targets by naturally depressed and nondepressed subjects. There was a mood x descriptor interaction on target recall, and depressed subjects recalled more negative descriptors than did nondepressed subjects. In contrast, when a depressed mood was induced through a Velten Mood Induction Procedure, induced-depressed subjects recalled fewer target words than did nondepressed subjects, and there was no differential recall of descriptor words by induced-depressed and nondepressed subjects. The results of these experiments indicate clear differences in the recall patterns of naturally depressed and induced-depressed subjects in a single cognitive task.
本文报告了两项实验的结果，这两项实验考察了抑郁情绪对目标词回忆和描述词回忆的影响。描述词要么是负性效价的，要么是中性的，并且在语义上与目标形容词无关。自然抑郁的受试者和非抑郁的受试者在目标词回忆上没有总体差异。在目标词回忆上存在情绪×描述词的交互作用，抑郁的受试者比非抑郁的受试者回忆出更多的负性描述词。相比之下，当通过韦尔滕情绪诱导程序诱导出抑郁情绪时，诱导抑郁的受试者比非抑郁的受试者回忆出的目标词更少，并且诱导抑郁的受试者和非抑郁的受试者在描述词回忆上没有差异。这些实验结果表明，在单一认知任务中，自然抑郁的受试者和诱导抑郁的受试者在回忆模式上存在明显差异。
