Peterson M J, Adkins H V
Phys Ther. 1982 Jul;62(7):990-4. doi: 10.1093/ptj/62.7.990.
The ischial tuberosities, the sacral coccygeal area, and the greater and lesser trochanters and intertrochanteric crests receive excessive pressures when an individual is in the sitting position. Prolonged sitting by patients with insensitive skin and physical disability can cause pressure sores. Pressures below 20 to 30 mmHg are required to prevent capillary occlusion. Pressures are measured with a transducer system as the patient sits in his natural sitting posture in his wheelchair. A seat cushion is then "customized," which will redistribute excessive pressures. The most common cushion used is made of 3-in or 4-in high-density polyurethane foam. This material is easily modified when making ischial tuberosity cutouts and constructing a preischial bar. Because there is no single safe sitting pressure, each patient must be provided with a cushion support system that best reduces his excessive pressures. Although a properly fitted cushion can redistribute pressure, it can never substitute for relief of weight-bearing areas routinely carried out several times each hour.
当一个人处于坐姿时，坐骨结节、骶尾区域以及大转子、小转子和转子间嵴会承受过大压力。皮肤感觉迟钝和身体残疾的患者长时间坐着会导致压疮。为防止毛细血管闭塞，所需压力低于20至30毫米汞柱。当患者以自然坐姿坐在轮椅上时，用传感器系统测量压力。然后“定制”一个座垫，它将重新分配过大的压力。最常用的座垫由3英寸或4英寸的高密度聚氨酯泡沫制成。在制作坐骨结节切口和构建坐骨前支撑条时，这种材料很容易进行修改。由于不存在单一的安全坐姿压力，必须为每位患者提供能最大程度减轻其过大压力的座垫支撑系统。尽管合适的座垫可以重新分配压力，但它绝不能替代每小时常规进行几次的减轻承重部位压力的措施。
