Niklas D
Soc Sci Med. 1982;16(6):659-65. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90455-5.
If doctors find sociological methods unreliable, the results unsound, and the approach irrelevant, this is due to essential differences between the procedures and interests of the exact and the social sciences. When sociologists raise doubts concerning the one-sidedness of the medical approach, its exaggerated professionalism, lack of concern for the social context of cure, those are latent requirements which do not match the current paradigm of medical knowledge. It is assumed here that the difference between experimental method and the interpretive procedures of sociology has a basic character and cannot be overcome by the methodological refinement of the latter. Understanding sociological knowledge must be based only against a background of a special interest in practical social affairs. Doubts are raised whether such an interest can develop within the prevailing paradigm of medical practice. Nevertheless, some improvements in the presentation of sociological research and in its method, especially as related to conclusiveness and applicability, can enhance the chances of its effective use in medical practice. Possible postulates addressed to medical research do not have methodological consequences requiring a change in the organization of medical services in the relations with associated industry for the needs of the health care system.
如果医生们发现社会学方法不可靠、结果不合理且方法不相关，这是由于精确科学与社会科学在程序和关注点上存在本质差异。当社会学家对医学方法的片面性、过度专业化、对治疗社会背景缺乏关注提出质疑时，这些潜在需求与当前医学知识范式不相符。这里假定实验方法与社会学解释程序之间的差异具有基本性质，且无法通过后者方法的完善来克服。理解社会学知识必须仅基于对实际社会事务的特殊兴趣背景。有人质疑这种兴趣能否在现行医学实践范式内发展起来。然而，社会学研究呈现方式及其方法上的一些改进，特别是与结论性和适用性相关的改进，能够增加其在医学实践中有效应用的机会。针对医学研究的可能假设并不具有要求为满足医疗保健系统需求而改变与相关行业关系中的医疗服务组织方式的方法学后果。
