Boggess J
Folia Primatol (Basel). 1982;38(1-2):19-38. doi: 10.1159/000156042.
One bisexual troop of langurs (Presbytis entellus) was intensively investigated for 32 months at the Junbesi-Ringmo study site in Nepal. Observations occurred during three separate studies and span a period of 6 years. All members of the study troop could be individually recognized throughout the three studies. During this investigation data were collected on immature male (from birth to 5 years of age) social relations with adult males. Social relations between these two classes of males varied both in type and in frequency of behaviors displayed. During the first study, when the troop was predominantly multi-male, young males directed various tense behaviors toward adult males. Monthly rates of occurrence of such behaviors fluctuated and showed a positive correlation with rates of agonistic behaviors between adult males. In contrast, interactions between the adult and immature males were considerably more relaxed during the second and third studies when the troop had but 1 adult male. Based on the results of these studies, and data evaluated from other studies of P. entellus, it is hypothesized that the frequency and patterning of interactions between adult males affect adult male relations with young males.
在尼泊尔的琼贝西-林莫研究地点，对一群双性叶猴（长尾叶猴）进行了为期32个月的深入研究。观察在三项独立研究中进行，跨度为6年。在这三项研究中，研究群体的所有成员都能被个体识别。在这次调查中，收集了未成年雄性（从出生到5岁）与成年雄性社会关系的数据。这两类雄性之间的社会关系在表现出的行为类型和频率上都有所不同。在第一项研究中，当群体主要是多雄性时，年轻雄性对成年雄性表现出各种紧张行为。此类行为的月发生率波动，且与成年雄性之间的争斗行为发生率呈正相关。相比之下，在第二项和第三项研究中，当群体只有1只成年雄性时，成年雄性与未成年雄性之间的互动则要轻松得多。基于这些研究结果以及从其他长尾叶猴研究中评估的数据，推测成年雄性之间互动的频率和模式会影响成年雄性与年轻雄性之间的关系。
