Costello C G
Psychol Med. 1982 May;12(2):329-39. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700046663.
A procedural replication of the Camberwell retrospective community study of depression in women (Brown et al. 1975; Brown & Harris, 1978a) was conducted in Calgary, Alberta. A random sample of 449 women between the ages of 18 and 65 were interviewed. The shorter form of the Present State Examination (PSE) and Brown's Interview Schedules for Life Events and Difficulties were used. By contrast to the findings of Brown, none of the following factors was associated with the onset of depression in the 12 months prior to interview: social class, employment status, number of children at home, loss of mother before age 11. In agreement with Brown, a lack of intimacy with spouse/cohabitant/boyfriend increased the risk of depression. Also in agreement with Brown, severe life events and difficulties were associated with depression. The association was particularly strong for 'possibly independent' events and difficulties, i.e. events (and difficulties) that may or may not have been caused in part by the woman herself. It was concluded that the role of social factors is community-specific and that the causal roles of events and difficulties in relation to depression remain uncertain. The implications of the findings in relation to the locus of vulnerability to depression are briefly discussed.
在艾伯塔省卡尔加里对坎伯韦尔女性抑郁症回顾性社区研究（Brown等人，1975年；Brown和Harris，1978年a）进行了程序复制。对449名年龄在18至65岁之间的女性进行了随机抽样访谈。使用了简明版的现况检查（PSE）以及布朗的生活事件与困境访谈问卷。与布朗的研究结果相反，在访谈前12个月内，以下因素均与抑郁症的发作无关：社会阶层、就业状况、家中子女数量、11岁前母亲去世。与布朗的研究一致，与配偶/同居伴侣/男友缺乏亲密关系会增加患抑郁症的风险。同样与布朗的研究一致，严重的生活事件和困境与抑郁症有关。这种关联对于“可能独立的”事件和困境尤为强烈，即那些可能部分由女性自身导致或未导致的事件（和困境）。研究得出结论，社会因素的作用具有社区特异性，事件和困境与抑郁症之间的因果关系仍不确定。简要讨论了研究结果对抑郁症易感性位点的影响。
