Seto Masako, Cornelius Marie D, Goldschmidt Lidush, Morimoto Kanehisa, Day Nancy L
Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
Matern Child Health J. 2005 Sep;9(3):263-71. doi: 10.1007/s10995-005-0002-x.
Longitudinal studies of maternal depression in the postpartum period have demonstrated that a chronic state of depressive symptoms is not rare. In spite of this, however, the characteristics of chronically depressed mothers have rarely been studied. This study examines the demographic and socioenvironmental characteristics across time of childrearing women with chronic depressive symptoms.
A cohort of 476 childrearing lower-income mothers was interviewed from the first trimester of pregnancy through the tenth year postpartum. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D; Radloff, L. (1977) Appl Psychol Meas 1:385-401) was used to define depressive symptomatology. Four groups were defined based on the CES-D scores at 18 months, 3, 6 and 10 years: never-depressed (CES-D < 16), depressed only at one phase (CES-D > or = 16), chronically mildly depressed (CES-D > 16 and < or =24 at three or more phases), and chronically severely depressed (CES-D > or = 25 at three or more times). Demographic and socioenvironmental characteristics of the groups were evaluated across time.
Chronically depressed women compared to never-depressed women were less likely to be married, had less education, had lower family income, and were more likely to use substances. They reported more frequent arguments with close family members or friends, separation/divorce with partners, financial problems, less social support, and more financial strain.
Women who continue to be depressed across the 10 postpartum years have less optimal outcomes compared to women who are not depressed and those who are only intermittently depressed. Pregnancy and delivery and subsequent pediatric visits are important times to identify women who are depressed.
产后母亲抑郁的纵向研究表明，抑郁症状的慢性状态并不罕见。然而，尽管如此，慢性抑郁母亲的特征却鲜有研究。本研究考察了患有慢性抑郁症状的育有子女女性在育儿过程中的人口统计学和社会环境特征。
对476名育有子女的低收入母亲进行队列研究，从孕期头三个月一直随访至产后十年。使用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D；拉德洛夫，L.（1977年）《应用心理测量》1:385 - 401）来定义抑郁症状。根据18个月、3年、6年和10年时的CES-D评分定义四组：从未抑郁（CES-D < 16）、仅在一个阶段抑郁（CES-D ≥ 16）、慢性轻度抑郁（在三个或更多阶段CES-D > 16且≤ 24）以及慢性重度抑郁（在三个或更多时间点CES-D ≥ 25）。对各组的人口统计学和社会环境特征进行跨时间评估。
与从未抑郁的女性相比，慢性抑郁的女性结婚的可能性更小、受教育程度更低、家庭收入更低，且更可能使用毒品。她们报告与亲密家庭成员或朋友的争吵更频繁、与伴侣分居/离婚、有经济问题、社会支持更少以及经济压力更大。
与未抑郁以及仅间歇性抑郁的女性相比，在产后十年持续抑郁的女性结局更不理想。怀孕、分娩及随后的儿科就诊是识别抑郁女性的重要时期。
