Gottlieb N H
Soc Sci Med. 1982;16(5):595-600. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(82)90314-8.
In the United States, smoking for women has followed a different pattern for women than for men, and the literature suggests that it, as a 'masculine' behavior, may serve as a role-delineating function for women. This research examines the relationship between sex of smoking parents and peers and the smoking behavior of college women. Having a mother who smokes was significantly related to whether or not the daughter smokes, the age of onset, and the frequency of the daughter's smoking; the proportion of female friends who smoke, to the frequency and amount of the woman's smoking and to the degree of difficulty of quitting. Smoking by the father and male friends was not important. Also, the age of the woman was significantly to whether or not she ever smoked and to the age of onset of smoking. This likely reflects her experience of social norms regarding smoking by women and the publication of the first surgeon general's report on smoking and health. These findings support the notion of smoking as a role-related behavior for women. Further research is needed to extend these findings to men and other health behaviors.
在美国，女性吸烟呈现出与男性不同的模式，而且文献表明，吸烟作为一种“男性化”行为，可能对女性起到角色界定的作用。本研究考察了吸烟的父母和同伴的性别与大学女生吸烟行为之间的关系。母亲吸烟与女儿是否吸烟、开始吸烟的年龄以及女儿吸烟的频率显著相关；女性朋友中吸烟的比例与女性吸烟的频率和数量以及戒烟的难度程度相关。父亲和男性朋友吸烟则没有重要影响。此外，女性的年龄与她是否曾经吸烟以及开始吸烟的年龄显著相关。这可能反映了她对女性吸烟社会规范的体验以及第一份卫生局局长关于吸烟与健康报告的发布。这些发现支持了吸烟是女性与角色相关行为的观点。需要进一步的研究将这些发现扩展到男性和其他健康行为上。
