Dominiak P, Grobecker H
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1982;13(Suppl 2):381S-390S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01945.x.
The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Plasma catecholamine concentrations are considered to be reliable indices of sympatho-neuronal (noradrenaline) and sympatho-adrenal (adrenaline) activity and reactivity in man. Sympathetic and adrenal activity and reactivity in young patients with essential hypertension or hyperkinetic heart syndrome were compared with an appropriate control group matched for age. The groups of hypertensive patients and patients with hyperkinetic heart syndrome could be clearly distinguished from control subjects on the basis of circulating catecholamine levels at rest. A clear-cut increase in circulating noradrenaline and adrenaline was observed in young patients with essential hypertension and hyperkinetic heart syndrome at rest. Clinically, hypertensive patients were characterized by elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased heart rate, whereas patients with hyperkinetic heart syndrome had increased heart rate and increased systolic blood pressure, whereas diastolic blood pressure was normal. At rest, there was a significant positive correlation between heart rate and circulating catecholamines in both groups of patients. In hypertensives a positive correlation between heart rate and plasma adrenaline concentrations, in patients with hyperkinetic heart syndrome a positive correlation between heart rate and plasma noradrenaline concentrations could be observed. In addition a positive correlation between plasma noradrenaline concentrations and systolic blood pressure in all groups of patients studied, was obtained. Sympatho-neuronal and sympatho-adrenal reactivity during mental stress or physical exercise increased in both groups of patients, mirrored by an increase in blood pressure and heart rate. Pindolol, a potent non-selective β-adrenoceptor blocking drug with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and minimal membrane stabilizing properties, administered in a single oral dose of 10 mg, diminished the exaggerated sympathetic tone in both groups of patients by attenuating circulating catecholamine levels at rest or during mental stress, but not during physical exercise.
交感神经系统在血压调节中起重要作用。血浆儿茶酚胺浓度被认为是人体交感神经（去甲肾上腺素）和交感 - 肾上腺（肾上腺素）活动及反应性的可靠指标。将原发性高血压或运动亢进性心脏综合征年轻患者的交感神经和肾上腺活动及反应性与年龄匹配的适当对照组进行比较。根据静息时循环儿茶酚胺水平，高血压患者组和运动亢进性心脏综合征患者组可与对照组明显区分。在原发性高血压和运动亢进性心脏综合征年轻患者静息时，观察到循环去甲肾上腺素和肾上腺素明显增加。临床上，高血压患者的特征是收缩压和舒张压升高以及心率增加，而运动亢进性心脏综合征患者心率增加且收缩压升高，舒张压正常。静息时，两组患者的心率与循环儿茶酚胺之间均存在显著正相关。在高血压患者中，心率与血浆肾上腺素浓度呈正相关，在运动亢进性心脏综合征患者中，心率与血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度呈正相关。此外，在所研究的所有患者组中，血浆去甲肾上腺素浓度与收缩压之间均呈正相关。在精神应激或体育锻炼期间，两组患者的交感神经和肾上腺反应性均增加，表现为血压和心率升高。吲哚洛尔是一种强效非选择性β - 肾上腺素受体阻断药物，具有内在拟交感活性且膜稳定作用极小，单次口服剂量10 mg可通过降低静息或精神应激时的循环儿茶酚胺水平来减轻两组患者过度的交感神经张力，但在体育锻炼期间无效。
