Okun R
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1982 Oct;32(4):517-24. doi: 10.1038/clpt.1982.196.
Efficacy and safety of oral nalbuphine in doses of 15 and 45 mg were compared with those of the standard oral analgesic codeine in single doses of 30 and 90 mg in 153 patients with acute postoperative pain; data on 20 more patients were excluded because they received potentially interfering medications. All patients had pain ranging from moderate to severe in intensity and most had severe pain related to orthopedic procedures or trauma. Estimates of relative potency showed that nalbuphine was three times as potent as codeine. The most common side effect was sedation, which was greatest in patients who received the higher doses of codeine and nalbuphine. The effects of oral nalbuphine are much like those of oral codeine in patients with acute postoperative pain.
在153例急性术后疼痛患者中，比较了口服15毫克和45毫克纳布啡与标准口服镇痛药30毫克和90毫克单剂量可待因的疗效和安全性；另有20例患者的数据被排除，因为他们接受了可能产生干扰的药物。所有患者的疼痛强度从中度到重度不等，大多数患者有与骨科手术或创伤相关的重度疼痛。相对效价估计显示，纳布啡的效力是可待因的三倍。最常见的副作用是镇静，在接受较高剂量可待因和纳布啡的患者中最为明显。口服纳布啡对急性术后疼痛患者的作用与口服可待因非常相似。
