Sutherland R J, Whishaw I Q, Regehr J C
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1982 Aug;96(4):563-73. doi: 10.1037/h0077914.
Spatial localization was studied in the Morris water maze. The task required rats to escape from cool water (made opaque by milk) by finding a submerged, invisible platform located at a fixed place within the room. The start point was varied randomly, and there was no local cues to indicate the position of the platform. After training, the platform was moved. Rats subjected to central cholinergic receptor blockade with atropine sulfate were compared with normal rats and rats receiving peripheral cholinergic blockade with atropine methylnitrate. The controls for the use of search strategies, as compared with spatial mapping, were a group of blind rats and a group of rats for which the platform was moved from trial to trial. Measures of escape latency, swim distance, initial heading error, posttrial rearing on the platform, and search strategy after platform displacement revealed that the control rats and the atropine methylnitrate rats used a spatial mapping strategy to locate the platform. The atropine sulfate treated rats adopted a search strategy like that of the blind rats and the rats for which the platform was randomly moved: Their escape latency and swimming distance decreased across trials, including reversal trials, but their initial heading errors remained unchanged. The results support the idea that central cholinergic systems are important for spatial mapping, which demands the use of distal visual cues, but not for spatial localization, which requires other search strategies and possibly the use of proximal tactile, kinesthetic, and visual cues. Consistent with this idea, certain features of the atropine sulfate treated rats' behavior also suggested a novel explantation for some aspects of atropine stereotypies.
在莫里斯水迷宫中研究了空间定位。该任务要求大鼠通过找到位于房间内固定位置的水下不可见平台，从冷水中逃脱（牛奶使其变得不透明）。起点随机变化，且没有局部线索表明平台的位置。训练后，移动平台。将用硫酸阿托品进行中枢胆碱能受体阻断的大鼠与正常大鼠以及用硝酸甲基阿托品进行外周胆碱能阻断的大鼠进行比较。与空间定位相比，用于搜索策略的对照是一组盲鼠和一组每次试验平台都移动的大鼠。平台移位后的逃避潜伏期、游泳距离、初始航向误差、在平台上试验后的直立行为以及搜索策略的测量结果表明，对照大鼠和硝酸甲基阿托品处理的大鼠使用空间定位策略来定位平台。硫酸阿托品处理的大鼠采用了类似于盲鼠和平台随机移动的大鼠的搜索策略：它们的逃避潜伏期和游泳距离在包括反转试验在内的各次试验中均下降，但它们的初始航向误差保持不变。结果支持这样一种观点，即中枢胆碱能系统对于空间定位很重要，空间定位需要使用远处的视觉线索，但对于空间定位并不重要，空间定位需要其他搜索策略，可能还需要使用近端触觉、动觉和视觉线索。与此观点一致，硫酸阿托品处理的大鼠行为的某些特征也为阿托品刻板行为的某些方面提出了一种新解释。
