Finland M, Barnes M W
J Infect Dis. 1978 Oct;138(4):520-30. doi: 10.1093/infdis/138.4.520.
The duration of hospitalization for acute bacterial empyema of the pleura was determined for all cases at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years between 1935 and 1972. Patients whose infection was acquired after admission stayed in the hospital longer than those in whom the empyema, or the infection of which the empyema was a complication, was present at the time of admission. The differences were mostly related to serious underlying disease in the hospital-acquired cases. However, the duration of hospitalization after the empyema was bacteriologically confirmed was not much different in the community-acquired and hospital-acquired cases. Hospital stay was further prolonged in patients whose empyema was superinfected with new bacterial species after the original infecting organisms were determined. Hospitalization was shorter in the 10 selected years between 1974 and 1972, when penicillin and other active antibiotics were used, than in two years before penicillin became available, 1935 and 1941.
在1935年至1972年期间的12个选定年份里，对波士顿市医院所有急性细菌性胸膜积脓病例的住院时长进行了测定。入院后感染的患者比入院时就存在胸膜积脓或作为并发症的感染（胸膜积脓由该感染引起）的患者住院时间更长。这些差异主要与医院获得性病例中严重的基础疾病有关。然而，社区获得性病例和医院获得性病例在胸膜积脓经细菌学确诊后的住院时长并无太大差异。在确定最初感染的病原体后，胸膜积脓又感染了新细菌种类的患者，其住院时间会进一步延长。在1974年至1972年这10个选定年份里，使用青霉素和其他有效抗生素时的住院时间，比青霉素问世前的1935年和1941年这两年要短。
