Waring G O, Bourne W M, Edelhauser H F, Kenyon K R
Ophthalmology. 1982 Jun;89(6):531-90.
A summary of normal and abnormal endothelial structure and function is presented. Endothelium originates from neural crest and it elaborates a banded basement membrane in utero. It is involved in mesenchymal dysgenesis of the anterior segment, like the central defect of Peters' anomaly. Cytoplasmic organelles include mitochondria that provide energy for the metabolic pump, rough endoplasmic reticulum that participate in secretion of extracellular matrix, and a terminal web that may participate in cell migration. The endothelium's main function is to control corneal hydration and nutrition with a leaky barrier formed by the apical gap and macula occludens junctions that keep some water out of the stroma but allow nutrients to pass, and with an ATPase-dependent metabolic pump that is located in the lateral plasma membranes. Endothelial wound healing involves flattening and enlargement of cells to maintain an intact monolayer as well as production of abnormal collagenous material posterior to Descemet's membrane. HLA antigens located in the plasma membrane may participate in corneal endothelial graft rejection. Clinical assessment of the endothelium involves three modalities: specular microscopy to study endothelial morphology, fluorophotometry to measure barrier function, and pachymetry to measure corneal thickness.
本文介绍了正常和异常内皮结构与功能的概述。内皮起源于神经嵴，在子宫内形成带状基底膜。它参与前段的间充质发育异常，如彼得斯异常的中央缺陷。细胞质细胞器包括为代谢泵提供能量的线粒体、参与细胞外基质分泌的粗面内质网以及可能参与细胞迁移的终末网。内皮的主要功能是通过顶端间隙和紧密连接形成的渗漏屏障来控制角膜的水合作用和营养供应，该屏障可阻止一些水分进入基质，但允许营养物质通过，同时通过位于侧质膜上的ATP酶依赖性代谢泵来实现。内皮伤口愈合包括细胞变平和增大以维持完整的单层，以及在Descemet膜后方产生异常胶原物质。位于质膜上的HLA抗原可能参与角膜内皮移植排斥反应。内皮的临床评估涉及三种方法：用于研究内皮形态的镜面显微镜检查、用于测量屏障功能的荧光光度测定法以及用于测量角膜厚度的测厚法。
