Helsing K J, Comstock G W, Szklo M
Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Sep;116(3):524-32. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113436.
Causes of death of widowed and married were compared in a nonconcurrent prospective study in Washington County, Maryland, which identified 4032 white persons aged 18 years and over who were enumerated in a 1963 nonofficial census and who became widowed between 1963 and 1974, and an equal number of married persons, each matched to a widowed person as to race, sex, year of birth, and geography of residence. Underlying causes of death were obtained from the death certificates of those who had died. Deaths from infectious diseases, accidents, and suicide were significantly higher than expected among widowed males, and deaths from cirrhosis of the liver were significantly higher than expected among widowed females. The similarity in causes of death of the widowed and their predeceased spouses was no greater than expected to occur by chance. There was no indication that widowed males or females suffering from chronic diseases, as defined by duration of underlying causes of death being two years or more, suffered earlier mortality after bereavement than others.
在马里兰州华盛顿县进行的一项非同期前瞻性研究中，对丧偶者和已婚者的死因进行了比较。该研究确定了4032名18岁及以上的白人，他们在1963年的一次非官方人口普查中被统计在内，并在1963年至1974年期间丧偶，同时确定了同等数量的已婚者，每组已婚者在种族、性别、出生年份和居住地理位置方面与一名丧偶者相匹配。从死亡者的死亡证明中获取潜在死因。丧偶男性中，传染病、事故和自杀导致的死亡显著高于预期，丧偶女性中，肝硬化导致的死亡显著高于预期。丧偶者与其先逝者配偶的死因相似性并不比偶然预期的更高。没有迹象表明，按照潜在死因持续时间为两年或更长时间所定义的患有慢性病的丧偶男性或女性，在丧偶后比其他人更早死亡。
