Ranque J, Quilici M, Dunan S
Acta Trop. 1975;32(4):371-80.
A study of the ecology, epidemiology and prophylaxis of Leishmaniasis in the southeast of France is reported; different methods of the survey are recorded. Between 1965 and 1975, 972 cases of canine Leishmaniasis and from 1968 to 1975 89 cases of visceral human Leishmaniasis and only 3 cases of oriental sore were observed in the "Bouches du Rhône", "Var" and "Vaucluse" Departments. The strains isolated from canine and human visceral Leishmaniasis had a malate dehydrogenase XI whereas Leishmania tropica had a MDH I; no wild animals have been found with Leishmaniasis. The suburbs of the towns, the hills in the center of Marseilles or surrounding Toulon as well as the villages are the principal foci of Phlebotomus perniciousus (96%) as the vector. The biotopes are isolated houses with little gardens surrounded by dry-stone walls exhibiting holes named "barbacanes", with chalky soil and xerophytes. The killing of infected dogs is the best protection of men whereas keeping dogs in sandfly-proof kennels from twilight until one hour after sunrise is best in order to protect this animal. This is quite different from the observations made by RIOUX in the Cevennes.
本文报道了法国东南部利什曼病的生态学、流行病学及预防研究；记录了不同的调查方法。1965年至1975年间，在罗讷河口省、瓦尔省和沃克吕兹省观察到972例犬利什曼病病例，1968年至1975年间观察到89例人类内脏利什曼病病例，仅3例东方疖。从犬和人类内脏利什曼病中分离出的菌株具有苹果酸脱氢酶XI，而热带利什曼原虫具有MDH I；未发现感染利什曼病的野生动物。城镇郊区、马赛市中心或土伦周边的山丘以及村庄是有害白蛉（96%）作为传播媒介的主要疫源地。生物群落是带有小花园的独立房屋，周围是有洞的干石墙，称为“barbacanes”，土壤为白垩质，植被为旱生植物。捕杀感染犬是对人类最好的保护，而将犬饲养在防沙蝇的犬舍中，从黄昏到日出后一小时，对保护这种动物最为有利。这与里厄在塞文山脉的观察结果大不相同。
