Mandelstam P, Block C, Newell L, Dillon M
Gastrointest Endosc. 1982 Aug;28(3):169-72. doi: 10.1016/s0016-5107(82)73044-5.
Passive dilatation, advocated in the past by a number of gastroenterologists as the initial therapy for achalasia, has fallen into disrepute in the last 15 years. Our recent experience with five achalasia patients, four of whom were judged too fragile for esophageal myotomy or forcible dilatation, indicates the need for reappraisal of bougienage therapy.
