Howse A J
Foot Ankle. 1982 Sep-Oct;3(2):81-4. doi: 10.1177/107110078200300205.
The presence of a bony block at the back of the ankle should be recognized as occurring in patterns of symptoms which are not themselves directly related to the ankle joint. When careful examination and observation of the patient indicates that the source of the trouble is in fact at the back of the ankle joint and it has been determined that there is some extra bone at this site, then surgical treatment will give excellent results. It must be emphasized that the presence of an os trigonum or other bony prominence does not mean that it is the source of recurrent symptoms. Surgery should certainly be delayed until all conservative measures have failed to relieve the symptoms or prevented them from recurring constantly. Frequently, strengthening of the forefoot and other relevant areas in the lower limb is sufficient to alleviate symptoms and allow the patient to continue to dance fully.
踝关节后方出现骨块应被视为出现在与踝关节本身无直接关联的症状模式中。当对患者进行仔细检查和观察表明问题实际上源于踝关节后方，且已确定该部位存在一些额外的骨头时，手术治疗将取得良好效果。必须强调的是，存在距骨三角骨或其他骨性隆起并不意味着它就是反复出现症状的根源。手术肯定应推迟，直到所有保守措施都未能缓解症状或防止症状持续复发。通常，加强前足及下肢其他相关部位就足以缓解症状，并使患者能够继续充分跳舞。
