Spotts J V, Shontz F C
Int J Addict. 1982 Aug;17(6):945-76. doi: 10.3109/10826088209057769.
Developmental antecedents of adult behavior are described for four matched groups of chronic drug users (cocaine, amphetamine, opiates, barbiturates, and sedative-hypnotics) and a comparable group of nonusers, each group having been studied intensively for approximately 1.5 years. Integration is provided by a theory that views psychological development as a series of ego transformations, which appear metaphorically in legend and mythology as dragon fights. Each group is characterized theoretically by a core conflict, an upper limit on individuation, and a typical character. Results imply that radically new approaches to psychological treatment may be needed, especially for chronic users of barbiturates, opiates, and cocaine.
研究描述了四组匹配的慢性药物使用者（可卡因、安非他命、鸦片制剂、巴比妥类药物和镇静催眠药）以及一组可比的非使用者的成人行为发展前因，每组都经过了约1.5年的深入研究。一种理论为研究提供了整合框架，该理论将心理发展视为一系列自我转变，这些转变在传说和神话中隐喻地表现为与龙的战斗。从理论上讲，每组都有一个核心冲突、个性化的上限和一个典型性格。结果表明，可能需要全新的心理治疗方法，尤其是对于巴比妥类药物、鸦片制剂和可卡因的慢性使用者。
