Matsumura M, Ohkuma M, Honda Y
Ophthalmic Res. 1982;14(5):344-53. doi: 10.1159/000265212.
The celestial goldfish were systematically reared from fertilization for life, revealing developmental processes of retinal degeneration. The eyes began to protrude laterally at the age of 90 days, rotated antero-dorsally at 120 days, and thus the 'celestial eye' was completed. The retina developed to normal mature structure by the age of 50 days. No degenerative findings were revealed before the start of eye extrusion. The first morphological change, irregular distribution of melanin granules in the pigment epithelial layer and disorientation of the outer segments of photoreceptors, was detected at the age of 90 days. At 120 days, the pigment epithelial layer lost melanin granules at places and was occupied by phagocytes. Photoreceptor cells were destroyed, and phagocytes, containing melanin granules, appeared in the inner retina and/or choroid. The retinal degeneration started simultaneously with eye protrusion. The regular telescopic-eye goldfish have large, extended eyes as those of celestial goldfish, but they develop no retinal degeneration. Celestial goldfish seems to be an interesting new type of hereditary retinal degeneration in vertebrates.
对望天金鱼从受精开始进行终身系统饲养，以揭示视网膜退化的发育过程。眼睛在90日龄时开始向外侧突出，在120日龄时向前背侧旋转，从而形成“望天眼”。视网膜在50日龄时发育至正常成熟结构。在眼睛突出开始之前未发现退化现象。在90日龄时检测到第一个形态学变化，即色素上皮层中黑色素颗粒分布不规则以及光感受器外段排列紊乱。在120日龄时，色素上皮层在某些部位失去黑色素颗粒并被吞噬细胞占据。光感受器细胞被破坏，含有黑色素颗粒的吞噬细胞出现在视网膜内层和/或脉络膜中。视网膜退化与眼睛突出同时开始。正常的凸眼金鱼具有与望天金鱼一样大且突出的眼睛，但它们不会发生视网膜退化。望天金鱼似乎是脊椎动物中一种有趣的新型遗传性视网膜退化类型。
