Boster S R, Martinez S A
Postgrad Med. 1982 Dec;72(6):50-2, 55-7. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1982.11716282.
Infectious processes that can cause acute upper airway obstruction in adults include Ludwig's angina, retropharyngeal infection, acute epiglottis, diphtheria, tetanus, and peritonsillar abscess. They are uncommon but potentially lethal. Ludwig's angina in particular quickly progresses to airway obstruction. In most cases, the mainstays of management are antibiotics, surgical drainage, and if necessary, airway maintenance by tracheostomy, cricothyrotomy, or nasotracheal or endotracheal intubation. Hereditary angioneurotic edema causes episodes of laryngeal edema that may lead to suffocation. In an acute episode the airway must be maintained by endotracheal intubation.
可导致成人急性上呼吸道梗阻的感染性疾病包括路德维希咽峡炎、咽后感染、急性会厌炎、白喉、破伤风和扁桃体周围脓肿。这些疾病并不常见，但可能致命。特别是路德维希咽峡炎会迅速发展为气道梗阻。在大多数情况下，主要治疗方法是使用抗生素、手术引流，必要时通过气管切开术、环甲膜切开术或鼻气管插管或气管插管来维持气道通畅。遗传性血管性水肿会引发喉水肿发作，可能导致窒息。在急性发作时，必须通过气管插管来维持气道通畅。
