Jensen P J, Siem-Jørgensen P, Nielsen T B, Wichmand-Nielsen H, Wintherreich E
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1982 Oct;26(5):511-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1982.tb01809.x.
In order to detect the ability of epidural morphine, administered by the caudal route, to produce pain relief and in order to compare pain relief by this method with intramuscular injections of opiates, 90 patients scheduled for surgery below the umbilical level were studied. Four milligrams of preservative-free morphine in 10 ml normal saline was compared with intramuscular injections of opiates, using a visual analogue scale. The average pain score was significantly lower in the epidural group during the first 12 postoperative hours. In the epidural group, 38% required additional intramuscular injections during the first 12 h, whereas 86% of the patients in the intramuscular group received opiate injections. No patients developed respiratory depression. Side effects were more common in the intramuscular group than in the epidural group. It is concluded that epidural morphine by the caudal route is a better choice than intramuscular injections in controlling postoperative pain below the umbilical level.
为检测经尾侧途径给予硬膜外吗啡产生疼痛缓解的能力，并将该方法的疼痛缓解效果与肌肉注射阿片类药物进行比较，对90例计划进行脐以下手术的患者进行了研究。使用视觉模拟评分法，将10 ml生理盐水中的4毫克无防腐剂吗啡与肌肉注射阿片类药物进行比较。术后前12小时，硬膜外组的平均疼痛评分显著更低。在硬膜外组，38%的患者在最初12小时内需要额外的肌肉注射，而肌肉注射组86%的患者接受了阿片类药物注射。没有患者出现呼吸抑制。肌肉注射组的副作用比硬膜外组更常见。结论是，在控制脐以下水平的术后疼痛方面，经尾侧途径给予硬膜外吗啡比肌肉注射是更好的选择。
