Ammann A J
Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 1982 Fall;4(3):301-6.
It is now possible to prevent effectively the occurrence of overwhelming pneumococcal infection from the majority of pneumococcal organisms in patients with increased susceptibility to infection. Immunization of patients with sickle cell disease and patients with splenectomy results in a significant increase in antibody amounts which persist for long periods of time. Patients under 2 years of age and patients with Hodgkin's disease and splenectomy respond less well. Most "vaccine failures" which have been described, have been in immunosuppressed patients, or a result of infection with S. pneumoniae type 6A. Future directions in the development of a more effective vaccine for patients under 2 years of age and immunosuppressed patients will include research efforts to formulate a new immunogenic vaccine. Definitive recommendations regarding booster immunization must await more definitive studies, but current data suggests that booster immunization is not necessary for at least 5-6 years following primary immunization.
现在已经能够有效预防易感染患者中大多数肺炎球菌引起的暴发性肺炎球菌感染的发生。对镰状细胞病患者和脾切除患者进行免疫接种会导致抗体量显著增加，且能长时间持续。2岁以下的患者以及患有霍奇金病和脾切除的患者反应较差。所描述的大多数“疫苗失败”情况发生在免疫抑制患者中，或者是由6A 型肺炎链球菌感染导致的。为2岁以下患者和免疫抑制患者开发更有效疫苗的未来方向将包括努力研制一种新的免疫原性疫苗。关于加强免疫的明确建议必须等待更明确的研究，但目前的数据表明，初次免疫后至少5至6年内不需要加强免疫。
