Keane W M, Denneny J C, Rowe L D, Atkins J P
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1982 Nov-Dec;91(6 Pt 1):584-7. doi: 10.1177/000348948209100609.
Endotracheal intubation with current inert low-pressure, high-volume cuffed tubes is a safe procedure associated with few complications in the vast majority of patients. However, complications related to mechanical difficulties and mucosal injury can occur even under ideal circumstances. Immediate complications are primarily associated with problems during intubation and extubation while early and late complications represent the short- and long-term effects of epithelial trauma.
使用目前的惰性低压、大容量带套囊气管导管进行气管插管是一种安全的操作，在绝大多数患者中并发症很少。然而，即使在理想情况下，也可能发生与机械困难和黏膜损伤相关的并发症。即刻并发症主要与插管和拔管过程中的问题有关，而早期和晚期并发症则代表上皮创伤的短期和长期影响。
