Arafa N M, Fathi M M, Safwat M, Moro H, Torky H, Kenawi M, Abdel-Wahab M
J Urol. 1982 Dec;128(6):1165-9. doi: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)53404-7.
The accuracy and reliability of ultrasound were assessed in 246 patients with 338 radiologically nonfunctioning renal units. The causes of nonfunction included hydronephrosis, pyonephrosis, renal parenchymal disease, renal agenesis, renal neoplasm and polycystic disease. Obstruction was proved in 158 patients, with an accuracy of 98.1 per cent. Retrograde pyelography was avoided. The diagnosis of a small end stage kidney was correct in 42 patients. In 9 patients with a unilateral nonfunctioning kidney less than 9 cm. long a thin coarsely textured cortex with dilatation of 1 or more calices was found. To our knowledge the presence of dilated calices in a small kidney, suggestive of chronic pyelonephritic changes, has not been described previously by ultrasound. Nonvisualization occurred in 16 cases (4.7 per cent) despite the anatomical presence of a kidney. An advanced degree of pyonephrosis with thick inspissated pus sometimes may mimic the ultrasonic appearance of a renal neoplasm.
对246例患有338个放射学上无功能肾单位的患者进行了超声检查的准确性和可靠性评估。无功能的原因包括肾盂积水、脓肾、肾实质疾病、肾缺如、肾肿瘤和多囊性疾病。证实158例存在梗阻，准确率为98.1%。避免了逆行肾盂造影。42例患者小终末期肾的诊断正确。在9例单侧无功能肾长度小于9 cm的患者中，发现肾皮质薄且质地粗糙，伴有1个或多个肾盏扩张。据我们所知，小肾中存在扩张的肾盏提示慢性肾盂肾炎改变，此前超声尚未有过描述。尽管肾脏在解剖学上存在，但仍有16例（4.7%）未显示。严重的脓肾伴有浓稠的脓液有时可能模仿肾肿瘤的超声表现。
