Jones B, Anuza T
Cortex. 1982 Dec;18(4):501-14. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(82)80049-x.
Shepard's mental rotation paradigm (e.g. Shepard and Metzler, 1971) was modified to allow tachistoscopic presentation of stimuli at varying angles of orientation (0 degrees to 180 degrees) in the right and left visual fields. Thirty male and thirty female subjects divided into three handedness groups (right-handers, non-familial and familial left-handers) judged whether a stimulus was a standard form or its mirror image. In general response times for correct judgements (RTc) increased monotonically as a function of angle of orientation though the curves tended to be negatively accelerated rather than linear. Right-handers showed a slower rate of increase in RTc as a function of angle than either left-handed group. Mean RTc and the rate of increase in RTc were equivalent for the two sexes and for the two visual fields. Both mean RTcs and on the rate of increase in RTc varied as a function of the stimulus. Error rates also increased monotonically as a function of angle of orientation. No sex or handedness differences in error rates were found. However, errors increased significantly less rapidly when stimuli were presented in the left visual field. It is argued that right hemisphere specialization for spatial processing minimizes the rate of increase in errors. The present failure to find sex differences may be of interest and it is argued that rapid presentation of stimuli results in subjects setting maximum and minimum response times. Within this relatively restricted "bandwith" of response times males and females may perform spatial tasks equally efficiently. Some confirmation for this hypothesis vs. an alternative based upon differences in hemispheric organization was found in a second experiment.
谢泼德的心理旋转范式（例如谢泼德和梅茨勒，1971年）被修改，以便在左右视野中以不同的定向角度（0度至180度）进行速示器呈现刺激。30名男性和30名女性被分为三个利手组（右利手、非家族性左利手和家族性左利手），他们判断一个刺激是标准形式还是其镜像。总体而言，正确判断的反应时间（RTc）随着定向角度的增加而单调增加，尽管曲线往往呈负加速而非线性。右利手者的RTc随角度增加的速率比任何一个左利手组都慢。RTc的平均值和增加速率在两性之间以及两个视野之间是相等的。平均RTc和RTc的增加速率都随刺激而变化。错误率也随着定向角度的增加而单调增加。未发现错误率在性别或利手方面存在差异。然而，当刺激在左视野呈现时，错误增加的速度明显较慢。有人认为，右半球在空间处理方面的专门化使错误增加的速率最小化。目前未发现性别差异这一结果可能会引起人们的兴趣，有人认为刺激的快速呈现导致受试者设定了最大和最小反应时间。在这个相对受限的反应时间“带宽”内，男性和女性可能在空间任务上表现得同样高效。在第二个实验中，发现了一些对这一假设的证实，而不是基于半球组织差异的另一种假设。
