Tanagho E A, Schmidt R A
Urology. 1982 Dec;20(6):614-9. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90312-0.
Complete intermittent emptying of the denervated bladder is essential to maintain the integrity of the urinary tract. Intraspinal extradural segments of the sacral roots in the canine can be stimulated electrically to induce bladder emptying effectively, especially in conjunction with selective neurotomy to make the stimulus pure autonomic effect on the bladder wall itself. With varying parameters of stimulation, one also can induce sustained voluntary sphincter activity to maintain continence--which obviates the problem of skeletal muscle fatigue. Combination of the two--detrusor stimulation for emptying and sphincteric stimulation to achieve control--are the first steps toward utilization of an electronic bladder pacemaker in the presence of an intact reflex arc. Its use in humans will be possible in the near future.
完全间歇性排空去神经膀胱对于维持尿路完整性至关重要。犬骶神经根的脊髓硬膜外段可通过电刺激有效诱导膀胱排空，特别是结合选择性神经切断术，使刺激对膀胱壁本身产生纯粹的自主效应。通过改变刺激参数，还可诱导持续的自主括约肌活动以维持控尿能力，从而避免骨骼肌疲劳问题。将二者结合——刺激逼尿肌排空膀胱以及刺激括约肌实现控制——是在存在完整反射弧的情况下利用电子膀胱起搏器的第一步。在不久的将来，其有望应用于人类。
