Unnecessary diuretic therapy in the elderly.

The possible beneficial or adverse effects of long-term diuretic use in the elderly were evaluated in 60 males (mean age 80.0 years) and 17 females (mean age 84.3 years). All subjects were found to have no obvious need for diuretics when initially assessed and were not receiving concurrent digoxin therapy. Residents were randomly allocated to placebo or active groups with stratification for prior hypertension or congestive heart failure (CHF) and they were followed for one year in a double-blind design. Mean BP, heart rate and weight at one year were similar to baseline values in both groups. Six active and two placebo subjects developed CHF and two other placebo subjects had a return of BP to hypertensive levels. Serum creatinine, cholesterol, potassium and BUN were significantly improved at one year in the placebo group. Chronic diuretic use did not alter appreciably the occurrence of CHF or hypertension in this elderly population and may not be necessary.