Herman R
Int Rehabil Med. 1982;4(4):173-7. doi: 10.3109/09638288209166911.
The visual and labyrinthine sensing systems are often neglected in the rehabilitation process of patients with central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Nevertheless, their integrity is essential for the construction of motor tasks ranging from accurate reaching to the co-ordinated behaviours of posture and locomotion. This tasks may be influenced considerably by the roles of the visual and vestibular systems in the perceptual analysis of localizing objects in space ("egocentric localization") and of spatial orientation of the body ("ego-orientation") and in controlling oculomotor and postural stability. The anatomy, physiology, clinical relevance and patterns of recovery of function of two specific visual-vestibular related behaviours is addressed, namely ocular stability and egocentric localization. Emphasis is placed upon such issues as (a) motor learning in complete and incomplete lesions as adjudged from observations of peripheral vestibular nerve disorders; (b) the role of the cerebellum in calibrating motor performance with particular reference to the modifiability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex to attain ocular stability; (c) the use of redundant or complementary structures as assumed from evidence of recovery from chronic visual field deficits; and (d) specified behavioural tactics as a mechanism for adaptation.
在中枢神经系统（CNS）损伤患者的康复过程中，视觉和前庭感觉系统常常被忽视。然而，它们的完整性对于构建从精确抓握到姿势和运动协调行为等运动任务至关重要。视觉和前庭系统在空间中定位物体的感知分析（“自我中心定位”）、身体的空间定向（“自我定向”）以及控制眼球运动和姿势稳定性方面所起的作用，可能会对这些任务产生相当大的影响。本文探讨了两种与视觉 - 前庭相关的特定行为的解剖学、生理学、临床相关性及功能恢复模式，即眼球稳定性和自我中心定位。重点关注以下问题：（a）根据外周前庭神经疾病的观察结果判断，在完全性和不完全性损伤中的运动学习情况；（b）小脑在校准运动表现方面的作用，特别是在前庭眼反射的可调节性以实现眼球稳定性方面；（c）从慢性视野缺损恢复的证据推断出的冗余或互补结构的使用情况；以及（d）作为适应机制的特定行为策略。
