Minh H N, Douvin D, Smadja A, Orcel L
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1980 May;10(4):213-23. doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(80)90001-5.
Morphological study of the human fetal membranes (at the term of pregnancy) shows that under the amniochorion lies the chorionic cytophoblast, which completely surrounds the amniotic cavity. Chorionic cytotrophoblast as well as parietal decidua persist until full term and remain well-developed. Within trophoblastic cells there are numerous canalicular formations bordered by microvilli resembling those observed between amniotic cells. The authors therefore believe that the circulation of amniotic fluid, after traversing the amnion, will continue through the intercellular canaliculi of the chorionic cytotrophoblast to reach the decidua parietalis. All the components of this complex membrane must play a part in the amniotic fluid circulation.
对人胎膜（足月妊娠时）的形态学研究表明，在羊膜绒毛膜之下是绒毛膜细胞滋养层，它完全包围着羊膜腔。绒毛膜细胞滋养层以及壁蜕膜一直持续到足月，并且保持良好的发育状态。在滋养层细胞内有许多由微绒毛界定的小管状结构，类似于在羊膜细胞之间观察到的结构。因此，作者认为羊水在穿过羊膜后，将继续通过绒毛膜细胞滋养层的细胞间小管到达壁蜕膜。这个复杂膜的所有组成部分必定在羊水循环中发挥作用。
