Feist D
Leber Magen Darm. 1980 Aug;10(4):187-92.
Virus hepatitis B occurs less frequently in infants and children than in adults; a subclinical and chronic course of this disease however seems to occur more often in childhood. Especially after oral infection the growing organism does not seem to be capable of building up a cellular immune response sufficient to eliminate the virus. If a woman becomes infected with hepatitis B during the last trimester of pregnancy of or immediately before delivery, the newborn has a chance of 80% to become infected during birth himself. This so called vertical transmission may be compared to a large transfusion of HBs-Ag-positive blood. Infection of the neonates will lead in most cases to a probably life-long HBs-Ag-carrier status. A fulminant, that is to say lethal course of acute hepatitis B in early infancy was found mostly in cases, where the mothers were carriers of high titer HBs-Ag without clinical symptoms whatsoever. For that reason immediate immune prophylaxis with anti HBs-globuline is mandatory in newborns with neonatal hepatitis B infection, whose mothers are HBs-Ag-positive.
乙型病毒性肝炎在婴幼儿中比在成人中发病率更低；然而，这种疾病的亚临床和慢性病程似乎在儿童期更常见。特别是经口感染后，正在生长的机体似乎无法产生足以消除病毒的细胞免疫反应。如果一名妇女在妊娠晚期或分娩前立即感染乙型肝炎，新生儿在出生时自身有80%的机会被感染。这种所谓的垂直传播可与大量输注HBs-Ag阳性血液相比较。新生儿感染在大多数情况下会导致可能终生的HBs-Ag携带状态。暴发性，也就是说，早期婴儿期急性乙型肝炎的致死病程大多见于母亲为高滴度HBs-Ag携带者且无任何临床症状的病例。因此，对于母亲为HBs-Ag阳性的新生儿乙型肝炎感染，必须立即用抗HBs球蛋白进行免疫预防。
