Butcher J N
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1980 Nov;51(11):1260-2.
The impact of disasters on the psychological adjustment of individuals is discussed. In most cases the traditional "mental illness model" is not appropriate for viewing problems resulting from crisis. Rather, the psychological symptoms are viewed as transitional and are qualitatively different from traditional mental disorder. Severe crisis state, often produced by cataclysmic events, can be lessened in magnitude and reduced in time by crisis intervention treatment as soon as possible following the disaster. The primary goals of crisis intervention are symptom relief and development of stress management attitudes. The applicability of the crisis intervention approach for managing the psychological problems of a major aircraft disaster are discussed. The crisis intervention plan for the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport Disaster Program is discussed.
本文探讨了灾难对个体心理调适的影响。在大多数情况下，传统的“精神疾病模型”并不适用于看待危机引发的问题。相反，心理症状被视为过渡性的，在性质上与传统精神障碍不同。由灾难性事件引发的严重危机状态，可在灾难发生后尽快通过危机干预治疗减轻其严重程度并缩短持续时间。危机干预的主要目标是缓解症状并培养压力管理态度。本文还讨论了危机干预方法在处理重大飞机灾难心理问题方面的适用性。同时也讨论了明尼阿波利斯 - 圣保罗机场灾难项目的危机干预计划。
