Atkins A F, Watt J M, Milan P, Davies P, Crawford J S
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1981 Oct;12(4):215-24. doi: 10.1016/0028-2243(81)90012-5.
Systemic blood pressure (measured with a zero-randomized sphygmomanometer), stroke volume and heart-rate (measured with a Minnesota Impedance Cardiograph), hematocrit, and their derivatives -- cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance--have been assessed in three groups of subjects. First, a control group of 19 nonpregnant women were matched for age and weight with the subjects in the second group, which consisted of 19 patients who were seen at regular intervals on 12 to 15 occasions from 8 to 11 wk of pregnancy until 6 wk postpartum. The third group consisted of 8 patients seen from before conception, throughout pregnancy and to several months postpartum. Readings were made with the subject in each of six positions: supine, reclining, left and right lateral, left and right tilt. This paper concerns the readings obtained in the left lateral position. The data showed that pulse rate rose throughout pregnancy. Stroke volume and cardiac output rose shortly after conception, the increase over the prepregnancy level being statistically significant by 12 wk. Thereafter both values fell throughout the rest of pregnancy and were below prepregnancy levels by about term, taking some weeks to regain the prepregnancy value. There were irregular fluctuations in the level of systolic blood pressure; diastolic blood pressure fell during the first 16 wk and then rose to reach almost the prepregnancy value by term. Peripheral resistance fell during the first trimester, then increased markedly throughout the remainder of pregnancy.
已对三组受试者的全身血压（使用零随机血压计测量）、每搏输出量和心率（使用明尼苏达阻抗心动图仪测量）、血细胞比容及其衍生指标——心输出量和外周血管阻力进行了评估。首先，选取19名非孕妇作为对照组，在年龄和体重方面与第二组受试者进行匹配，第二组由19名患者组成，她们从妊娠8至11周开始，每隔12至15天定期就诊，直至产后6周。第三组由8名患者组成，从受孕前开始观察，贯穿整个孕期直至产后数月。在受试者处于仰卧、斜躺、左侧卧位、右侧卧位、左侧倾斜和右侧倾斜这六个体位时进行读数。本文关注的是左侧卧位时获得的读数。数据显示，整个孕期脉搏率上升。每搏输出量和心输出量在受孕后不久上升，到12周时，相对于孕前水平的增加具有统计学意义。此后，在孕期剩余时间里这两个值均下降，在足月时低于孕前水平，需要几周时间才能恢复到孕前值。收缩压水平存在不规则波动；舒张压在妊娠前16周下降，然后上升，到足月时几乎达到孕前值。外周阻力在孕早期下降，然后在孕期剩余时间显著增加。
