Zagon I S, McLaughlin P J
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1981 Dec;15(6):887-94. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(81)90049-6.
Rats of 30, 45, 60 and 120 days of age, maternally exposed to methadone (5 mg/kg daily) during gestation and/or lactation, were evaluated on a variety of behavioral and physiological parameters related to drug withdrawal. Animals were tested before and after an acute injection of naloxone (10 mg/kg). Prior to naloxone injection, methadone-exposed rats were subnormal in body temperature at 30 days of age, hypoalgesic at 45 days, and weighed less than controls at 60 days. Additionally, and in contrast to control rats, methadone-exposed animals at most ages displayed head shake and wet-dog shake behaviors. After naloxone administration, methadone-exposed rats exhibited an increase in the mean number of head and wet-dog shakes over pre-injection levels. Although control rats injected with naloxone also demonstrated head shakes (at all ages) and wet-dog shakes (at 45 days), these behavior were usually not of the magnitude as noted for methadone-exposed offspring receiving naloxone. Perturbations in body weight and hypothermia during development, along with head shake and wet-dog shake behaviors which were exacerbated following naloxone administration, suggest a protracted state of physical dependence/withdrawal and/or permanent damage as a result of perinatal exposure to methadone.
对在妊娠和/或哺乳期母源接触美沙酮（每日5毫克/千克）的30日龄、45日龄、60日龄和120日龄大鼠，就与药物戒断相关的各种行为和生理参数进行了评估。在急性注射纳洛酮（10毫克/千克）前后对动物进行测试。在注射纳洛酮之前，接触美沙酮的大鼠在30日龄时体温低于正常水平，45日龄时痛觉减退，60日龄时体重低于对照组。此外，与对照大鼠相比，大多数年龄段接触美沙酮的动物表现出摇头和湿狗样抖动行为。注射纳洛酮后，接触美沙酮的大鼠摇头和湿狗样抖动的平均次数比注射前水平增加。虽然注射纳洛酮的对照大鼠也表现出摇头（在所有年龄段）和湿狗样抖动（在45日龄时），但这些行为的程度通常不如接受纳洛酮的接触美沙酮后代明显。发育过程中的体重波动和体温过低，以及注射纳洛酮后加剧的摇头和湿狗样抖动行为，表明围产期接触美沙酮会导致长期的身体依赖/戒断状态和/或永久性损伤。
