Linden W, Feuerstein M
J Human Stress. 1981 Mar;7(1):28-34. doi: 10.1080/0097840x.1981.9934541.
Experimental studies of personality as a psychological risk factor in essential hypertension are reviewed. While no single personality trait has been found to be consistently and specifically related to hypertension, a certain behavior pattern emerges from this literature. This pattern, which includes increased anxiety, inappropriate coping behaviors in socially distressing situations and, possibly, a negative cognitive set, is compared with experimental findings from social competence research. Considerable overlap between the pattern of behavioral characteristics of hypertensives and individuals who display deficits in social skills is noted. The flight/fight concept in stress research, the differentiation of assertion from aggression and inhibition and their physiological equivalents are integrated in a three-dimensional model of social functioning in hypertensives. The clinical implications of this conceptualization are discussed in reference to the need for more comprehensive behavioral approaches to hypertension management.
本文综述了将人格作为原发性高血压心理风险因素的实验研究。虽然尚未发现单一的人格特质与高血压始终存在特定关联，但从这些文献中出现了某种行为模式。这种模式包括焦虑增加、在社会压力情境中不适当的应对行为以及可能的消极认知倾向，并与社会能力研究的实验结果进行了比较。研究发现高血压患者的行为特征模式与社交技能存在缺陷的个体之间有相当大的重叠。应激研究中的“战斗/逃跑”概念、自信与攻击及抑制的区分及其生理等效物被整合到一个高血压患者社会功能的三维模型中。参照高血压管理需要更全面的行为方法，讨论了这一概念化的临床意义。
