O'Neill M, Breslau N A, Pak C Y
JAMA. 1981 Mar 27;245(12):1233-6.
Seventeen patients with documented medullary sponge kidney and nephrolithiasis underwent metabolic evaluation. These patients constituted 3.6% of our stone-forming population. Fifteen (88%) of 17 were hypercalciuric. The most common abnormality was absorptive hypercalciuria, occurring in 59%. Only three patients (18%) had renal hypercalciuria. None of the patients had primary hyperparathyroidism. Hyperuricosuria occurred together with hypercalciuria in five patients. In two patients, the precise cause of hypercalciuria could not be determined, and in another two patients, no metabolic abnormality could be detected. Thus, the patients with medullary sponge kidney and renal stones had the same spectrum of metabolic abnormalities as the overall population of stone formers. While these patients may theoretically have a greater anatomic propensity to form stones because of their anatomic abnormality, they should be evaluated and treated appropriately for any metabolic defect.
17例确诊为髓质海绵肾并患有肾结石的患者接受了代谢评估。这些患者占我们结石形成人群的3.6%。17例患者中有15例（88%）尿钙过多。最常见的异常是吸收性高钙尿症，发生率为59%。只有3例患者（18%）患有肾性高钙尿症。所有患者均无原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进。5例患者同时出现高尿酸尿症和高钙尿症。2例患者高钙尿症的确切病因无法确定，另外2例患者未检测到代谢异常。因此，髓质海绵肾合并肾结石的患者与结石形成总体人群具有相同的代谢异常谱。虽然从理论上讲，这些患者由于解剖结构异常可能具有更大的结石形成解剖学倾向，但对于任何代谢缺陷，都应进行适当的评估和治疗。
