Lubert N
J Speech Hear Disord. 1981 Feb;46(1):1-9.
This article reviews the literature on auditory perceptual impairments in children with language disorders. It is suggested that, rather than a higher-order cognitive or "linguistic" deficit, the underlying deficit in childhood language disorders is a perceptual one. The perceptual impairment may consist of a deficiency in detecting acoustic features in the speech wave that normally cue certain phonemes. Support for this hypothesis comes from clinical observations and experimental studies of aphasic adults as well as language-disordered children. The most consistent finding of the studies with language-disordered children has been that they have difficulty making perceptual judgments of the order of rapid sequences of brief sounds, such as synthetic speech and non-speech stimuli. However, these children perceive the sequences more accurately if the duration of the stimuli or the inter-stimulus intervals are extended. This suggests a "rate-specific" auditory perceptual deficit in language-disordered children for rapid acoustic information, such as the distinctive acoustic features of speech sounds. Treatment and future research implications are discussed.
本文综述了有关语言障碍儿童听觉感知障碍的文献。研究表明，儿童语言障碍的潜在缺陷并非高阶认知或“语言”缺陷，而是感知缺陷。这种感知障碍可能包括在语音波中检测通常提示某些音素的声学特征方面的不足。对这一假设的支持来自对失语症成年人以及语言障碍儿童的临床观察和实验研究。对语言障碍儿童的研究中最一致的发现是，他们在对简短声音的快速序列（如合成语音和非语音刺激）的顺序进行感知判断时存在困难。然而，如果刺激的持续时间或刺激间间隔延长，这些儿童对序列的感知会更准确。这表明语言障碍儿童在快速声学信息（如语音的独特声学特征）方面存在“速率特异性”听觉感知缺陷。文中还讨论了治疗方法及对未来研究的启示。
