Cohn S H, Gartenhaus W, Sawitsky A, Rai K, Zanzi I, Vaswani A, Ellis K J, Yasumura S, Cortes E, Vartsky D
Metabolism. 1981 Mar;30(3):222-9. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(81)90145-1.
Quantitative measurement was made of body composition in patients with several forms of neoplastic disease. Total body nitrogen was determined by means of the prompt gamma neutron activation technique; total body potassium was measured with the use of a whole body counter. The mass and protein content of the muscle compartment and nonmuscle lean tissue were estimated by application of the technique of compartmental analysis. Total body water, determined simultaneously with the use of tritium label, provided a measure of lean body mass. From these data, the body fat can be inferred. The prompt gamma neutron activation and whole body counting techniques represent a considerable advance over the balance and radioisotope techniques used in earlier studies. The new techniques make possible sequential studies over prolonged periods of time with a considerable degree of accuracy. The loss of body weight by patients with solid tumors consisted primarily of the loss of muscle mass and body fat. Even in severe wasting, the patients appear to retain significant amounts of body fat. It is the skeletal muscle which is predominantly lost; the visceral life-supporting system is, to a considerable extent, spared. The nonmuscle tissue including the visceral fraction did not change in this study, and actually appeared to increase in size when comparison was made with the normal contrast population. The loss of total body water was slight in the cancer patients studied.
对患有多种肿瘤疾病的患者进行了身体成分的定量测量。通过瞬发伽马中子活化技术测定全身氮含量；使用全身计数器测量全身钾含量。应用分区分析技术估算肌肉区室和非肌肉瘦组织的质量和蛋白质含量。同时使用氚标记物测定的全身水含量可作为瘦体重的一种度量。根据这些数据，可以推断出体脂含量。瞬发伽马中子活化技术和全身计数技术相较于早期研究中使用的平衡法和放射性同位素技术有了相当大的进步。新技术使得长时间进行连续研究成为可能，且具有相当高的准确性。实体瘤患者体重减轻主要是肌肉量和体脂的减少。即使在严重消瘦的情况下，患者似乎仍保留大量体脂。主要丢失的是骨骼肌；内脏生命维持系统在很大程度上得以保留。在本研究中，包括内脏部分在内的非肌肉组织没有变化，与正常对照人群相比，其大小实际上似乎还增加了。在所研究的癌症患者中，全身水的丢失量很少。
