Preparation for procedures and surgery through play.

The child life therapist utilizes play techniques with hospitalized children for preparation and integration before and after medical procedures and surgery. Unstructured and structured play sessions enable children to anticipate threatening events and mobilize their coping behaviors. Through manipulating appropriate play materials including miniature-size medical equipment, children communicate if facts of preparation have been understood, misinterpreted or denied. Concrete play experiences (e.g., doctor puppet play), enable children to understand hospital routines and sequences of events. Sensory experiences (e.g., needle play), help them dramatize situations and to adopt changes of role from passive to active ones. Opportunities for play after procedures (particularly intrusive ones) and surgery must be made available to clarify any misconceptions and to emphasize the nurturing and healing aspects of treatment. Psychological preparation for necessary procedures and surgery through play results in children enduring and cooperating more readily and have more trust in all medical personnel.