Rudolph R, Utley J R, Woodward M
Ann Thorac Surg. 1981 Apr;31(4):373-6. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)60972-1.
Electron microscopy of a painful fibrotic capsule around a cardiac pacemaker revealed classic myofibroblasts. These contractile fibroblasts share characteristics of both smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts and are thought to be the cellular cause of wound and scar contraction. The occurrence of pain and tenderness around a sterile pacemaker probably indicates contraction of scar tissue as the basis of the symptoms. This scar tissue is similar to that seen around other large inert implants placed in the thoracic tissue.
对心脏起搏器周围疼痛性纤维化包膜进行电子显微镜检查发现了典型的肌成纤维细胞。这些收缩性成纤维细胞兼具平滑肌细胞和成纤维细胞的特征，被认为是伤口和瘢痕收缩的细胞成因。无菌起搏器周围出现疼痛和压痛可能表明瘢痕组织收缩是症状的基础。这种瘢痕组织与在置于胸部组织中的其他大型惰性植入物周围所见的瘢痕组织相似。
